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首先这个权利和权力的异同的现代解释也比你正确得多。
1.你的贫瘠的脑子只会思考公共权力,比如你只会提到国王和官僚,但是在封建社会的基础性权力架构主要是封建主(地主),这种架构带来因为地主对土地的所 有权和农民的无地矛盾下的人身依附关系,这种关系是资本主义革命摧毁的主要关系,而不仅仅是取消国王和封建官僚。这些地主对农民实施生产管理的权力(发号 施令)并获取农民的劳动产物并不是协商的结果也不是授权的结果,授权发生的关系本质上授权人才真正拥有权力(日语叫有权人),是因为他占有土地而农民无地 必须生存。在取消这种人身依附关系(这种关系主要是地主缺乏自由贸易的特征或者买卖劳动力的普遍性的缺位导致的),而资本主义不过是支架了劳动力的自由买 卖,其他关系上连你这个贫瘠的脑子都意识到了资本家和工人的关系和地主和农民的关系的共同性。
人类的生活粗略地可以分为经济生活政治生活(当然还有比如文化生活等),经济生活是社会的核心基础,在资本主义社会,控制经济生活的在局部生产单位主要是 资本家老板,在市场上主要是老板门的交易活动形成经济生活核心,而工人对于工厂的生产和自己的劳动以及社会整体的经济活动基本只是被动接受,无法干涉。如 果一个老板很大,比如富士康,他甚至不和基层劳动者直接发生关系,而是如封建官僚体系一样形成统治,他任命企业官僚,一级一级管理,本质上和国王没有区 别,虽然他对工人劳动者的权力减少了不少,其实国王和封建主对农民的权力相比于奴隶主对奴隶的权力要小很多,比如哪怕秦始皇也不能大规模地要求活殉葬,而 奴隶主能。这种人对人的权力的缩小是人类斗争解放的结果,但是这种解放还不充分。
劳动者过劳死和广泛的无安全的劳动环境下发生工伤等都是因为劳动过程老板控制的结果,比如老板不愿意投入更多的安全防护设备,还有老板为了赶货命令劳动者 三天三夜连续工作,这个贫瘠的脑子会说,你可以不干,劳动者可以选择失业,但是劳动者面临着自己和自己家庭老小的生存的压力,他无法随意自主,只能听老板 的命令。另外哪怕劳动者可以不听A狗屁资本家的命令,他也必须听B狗屁资本家的命令,马克思早就说明这点。
贫瘠的脑子无法理解这种关系。
另外抛弃马克思理论的不是工人,是你胡说八道,是你这种人反革命夺权抢夺资源后为了维护你自己的狗屁杂种屁股利益而废弃的。你自己的奴才思维导致你认为别人成为了奴隶还是自己的意愿。
Right
Right and duty are correlatives.
Image Source: aswwu.com/collegian/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/human-rights-s.jpg
A legal right is an interest recognized and protected by the rules of legal justice.
Example: “A” purchased house from “B” and got it registered. ‘A” has a right to enjoy it. “B” has no right to interfere with “A”’s possession and enjoyment. Not only “B”, entire world has no right to interfere.
Salmond defines rights in two senses – one in strict sense and another in wider sense.
Rights are either legal or moral. Salmond recognizes Power as a different species of the genus (legal right).
The correlative of right is duty.
Power
Power has no duty.
Power shows a person’s ability to do something.
Example: “A” has some own acquired property. He writes a will. That means he has the “power” to make a will with his own ability, will and pleasure. There is no duty casted upon him to write the will. “A” has also the power to amend, change, and cancel the will as many times as he wants, until his death. The last will only comes into force. This is the “power” of “B”.
Salmond defines “power”: “A power may be defines as ability conferred upon a person by the law to alter, by his own will directed to that end, the rights, duties, liabilities or other legal relations, either of himself or of other persons”.
Powers are either public or private. Public powers are those which are vested in a person as an agent or instrument of the functions of the state. They comprise various forms of legislative, judicial and executive authority. Private Powers are those which are vested in persons to be exercised for their own purposes and not as agents of the state. Examples of private powers are will, gift, mortgage, lease, sale, etc. The public powers are called as “authority”. The private powers are called as “capacity”.
The correlative of power is “liability”. |
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