美国白宫关于“生物技术科研双重性”政策建议的公告

龙翔五洲

美国白宫关于“生物技术科研双重性”政策建议的公告。来源：美国白宫网站。

　　继“布萨特”生物国防计划签发后，美国白宫系统又提出“生物技术科研双重性”的生物国防政策建议，其核心内容包括如何防御转基因技术制造的农作物武器和疫苗武器的攻击或恐怖袭击，且防御过程是从科研项目申请开始而直到完成报告即贯穿始终的(其中还包括科研内容结果的通讯)，是必须防治相关科研误入坏人之手的。详见：

　　Proposed Policy Targets Dual Use Research of Concern。The White House, February 21, 2013 at 09:25 AM EDT。

　　The proposed policy responds to concerns that some important and otherwise beneficial avenues of life science research have the potential to generate information or capacities that, in the wrong hands, could be misused for harmful purposes.

　　Specifically, the newly proposed policy focuses on the very small fraction of studies with the highest risk of potential misuse, known as dual use research of concern (DURC). For oversight purposes, DURC is defined as “Life sciences research that, based on current understanding, can be reasonably anticipated to provide knowledge, information, products or technology that could be directly misapplied to pose a significant threat with broad potential consequences to public health and safety, agricultural crops and other plants, animals, the environment, materiel or national security.”

　　Together, the two policies can help the United States manage the risks of potential misuse throughout the research lifecycle—from the initial filing of a grant application to the conclusion of research and communication of results. (摘录完)。

　　附件：美国国防部技术说明文献。来源：美国国防部网站。

　　该文献说，可用作生化武器的技术内容有数种，第一个就是转基因技术及其产品。摘录如下：

　　TECHNICAL ANNEX。连接：http://www.dod.mil/pubs/prolif97/annex.html 。 .

　　The future likelihood of infectious agents being created for biological warfare purposes will be influenced by several technological trends, of which four of the most significant are:

　　Genetically engineered vectors in the form of modified infectious organisms will be increasingly employed as tools in medicine and the techniques will become more widely available.

　　Strides will be made in the understanding of infectious disease mechanisms and in microbial genetics that are responsible for disease processes.

　　An increased understanding of the human immune system function and disease mechanisms will shed light on the circumstances that cause individual susceptibility to infectious disease.

　　Vaccines and antidotes will be improved over the long term, perhaps to the point where classic biological warfare agents will offer less utility as a means of causing casualties.

　　(摘录完)。